Monthly Archives: August 2008

The end of organics?

Much is being made in the press of the fall in sales of organic food. The headlines are asking if the ‘fad’ is over. Many critics of organic farming have always dubbed it as ‘niche’ marketing or an expensive food fad for the well off. Many farming groups have been quick to say organics won’t last and that it is just passing food fashion.

A lot of our wonderful popular press also latched on to this and have questioned whether it is worth paying a premium for something with unproven benefits. Other critics have jumped on this bandwagon and say that organic food is just a con and stated that organic food is no better than any other.

The press now talk about organic farming in terms of the environmental effects. This is good to an extent but it then means that organic food can be lumped into the same category as other environmental causes and its supporters dismissed as a load of doom and gloom merchants.

Let’s get this straight once and for all, there ARE benefits in eating organic food and it IS good for the environment. Make no mistake one of the primary reasons for eating organic is to avoid pesticides residues. Whenever systemic pesticides are used on food crops there will be residues in the harvest. Systemic means that the plant takes the pesticide into the tissue and no amount of scrubbing or peeling can remove it. Each time you eat pesticide treated  plant tissue you consume a minute amount of pesticide. The government and agrochemical companies will tell you that it is all perfectly safe. They have devised figures for the safe levels of all pesticides approved for use on food. What they have NOT done is work out how composite pesticide residues affect people. Routine checks show that the so called ’safe’ levels are exceeded and that a number of items show composite pesticide residues

Research at the University of Rochester shows that combinations of pesticides residues can have a profound effect.

“Scientists have shown that the combination of two widely used agricultural pesticides-but neither one alone-creates in mice the exact pattern of brain damage that doctors see in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The research offers the most compelling evidence yet that everyday environmental factors may play a role in the development of the disease.

The latest findings of the team led by Deborah Cory-Slechta, Ph.D., professor of environmental medicine and dean for research at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, appear in the Dec. 15, 2001 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience.”

This is from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=10587

Pesticides and cancer

“1. Women with breast cancer are five to nine times more likely to have pesticide residues in their blood than those who do not.18 Previous studies have shown that those with occupational exposure to pesticides have higher rates of cancer.19 - 21 The apparent link between hormone dependent cancers, such as those of the breast and prostate, may be via endocrine disrupting chemicals [compounds that artificially affect the hormone system] such as 2,4D and Atrazine (both herbicides, now banned or about to be banned). The Royal Society [the UK's main scientific organisation] recommends that human exposure to EDCs (especially during pregnancy) should be minimised on grounds of prudence.63

18) Charlier G et al (2003) Breast cancer and serum organochlorine residues, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 60 (5), p. 348 - 351

19) Schreinemachers DM (2000) Cancer mortality in four Northern wheat producing states, Environmental Health Perspectives, 108 (9), p. 873 - 881.

20) Alavanja MCR et al (2003) Use of agricultural pesticides and prostate cancer risks in the agricultural health study cohort, American Journal of Epidemeology, 157 (9), p. 800 - 814.

21) Ohio G. (1999) Endocrine disrupting chemicals and carcinogenicity Gan To Kagaku Ryoho, 26 (3), p. 263-8. (Japanese)

63) The Royal Society (2000) Endocrine disrupting chemicals, June 2000 http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/ files/statfiles/document-111.pdf”

And

“2. In a study of children aged 2 -4 living in Seattle, concentrations of pesticide residues up to six times higher were found in children eating conventionally farmed fruit and vegetables compared with those eating organic food.23 Whilst the presence of pesticide residues in children eating conventional food has been confirmed, the full effect of such pesticides are unknown.

After pressure from NGOs [non-governmental organisations] such as the Soil Association, the PSD has begun testing for multiple pesticide residues in its samples because evidence suggests that when acting in combination, harmful effects of pesticide residues may be increased. The Government has recognised that “Ignoring the cocktail effects during risk assessment will lead to significant under-estimations of risk”.12

12) www.foodstandards.gov.uk/ science/ouradvisors/toxicity/COTwg/wigramp/ Stakeholder

23) Curl CL , RA Fenske and K Elgethun (2003) Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban pre-school children with organic and conventional diets, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111 (3) p. 377 - 382.

Now I know what the opponents of organic food will say, they will argue that there are pesticides approved for use in organic farming. That is true but there very few indeed; they are made from plants rather than artificial chemicals and they are not systemic. The other major factor to consider is that they are only used as an absolute last resort and then only with the approval of the certifying body. Another big difference is that any residues on the surface of the produce can be washed off. (It is best to always wash produce before using it whether it is delivered in a plastic bag or with soil still attached!)

Is organic food more nutritious?
Research at the University of Aberdeen says that it is. In a press release the University says;

“The University of Aberdeen announced today that early results of a new research project confirm that organic milk is a good alternative source of omega 3.

The research, which compared the omega 3 content of organic and conventional milk shows that organic milk can contain up to 71% more omega 3 than non-organic milk and has a better ratio of omega 3 to omega 6 than conventional milk.”

Although critics might dismiss this as insignificant lack of omega 3 has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. There has been a lot of publicity about the chronic lack of omega 3 in the modern diet and the big imbalance between the levels of omega 3 and omega 6. It seems that the answer to increase omega 3 in milk is simple, graze cows on conventional mixed species pasture and stop using intensive production methods.
 
Others agree that organic food is more nutritious;

“Organic food IS more nutritious, especially if fresh, and eating it is vital to good health; let those who claim otherwise try to prove their case! I still see articles in reputable magazines stating that there is no nutritional difference between organic produce and regular supermarket food. I’ve even repeatedly received this erroneous information from Agricultural Extension offices and Professors of Agriculture at “reputable” State Universities…although one Professor, probably safely tenured, told me in hushed tones that “of course, most of our funding comes from chemical companies.”

[Robert (Bob) F. Heltman. The article from which the above extract was taken was first published in the November 1997 edition of the Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients.]

So, the question we all have to ask is do we readily accept paying a premium for food that has no pesticide residues and is more nutritious or do we save money and buy the cheapest possible? I know what my answer is!

Cultivating a Suburban Foodshed

Yet another excellent production from Peak Moment Television. This film makes some really good points about the resources used to create and maintain ornamental gardens and lawns.  This guy even grows food on his roof.

A ‘Superfood’ contains arsenic!

With the ever increasing promotion of so called ’superfoods’ it is alarming to find that one of them contains worrying levels of arsenic. According to a report in New Scientist, 22 Aug 2008, levels of naturally occurring arsenic are above the so called safe limits in rice bran. China has down rated its recommended safe level of arsenic but other countries have not followed its lead. 

Using water in the veg garden

Some people are predicting that water is the next big environmental issue. We are using far too much and changing rainfall patterns are set to make things worse. So, as gardeners, how do we use water?

There seems to be two main responses to the needs of plants: the first is ‘leave it to nature’ i.e. if it rains they will get water if not they will shrivel up and die. The second response is to water as soon as it stops raining for a couple of days. Often this involves getting out a hose pipe and sloshing water around. The net effect is a lot of wet foliage and dry soil. In between those extremes the plants might get what they need and produce a good harvest.

Water is as crucial as fertliser. If you want a good harvest then it is essential to provide enough water. The big problem is knowing how much is enough as different crops need differing amounts of water at different stages of growth. Experience is the best teacher here.

Another important aspect is how you water. Standing above your plants with a spray from a hose does little. The old custom of watering the foliage in the evening can do more harm than good because the leaves stay cool and wet overnight which encourages fungus. Water is needed on the soil, not on the leaves and is required at any time of the day that the plant needs it.

It goes without saying that using rain water is far better than tap water except on newly emerging seedlings in the greenhouse. Rainwater can promote ‘damping off’ which is a fungal disease that causes young seedlings to fall over in their thousands.

As organic gardeners we need to think about water use, learn what plants need and use water carefully to increase yields.

Water

Growing vegetables on a large scale can mean using huge amounts of water. So does processing the harvest ready for supermarket shelves.

An article in The Guardian recently highlighted the vast quantities of water used in processing. It seems absolutely crazy to me that the demand for squeaky clean produce is pushing the world to water shortages. Years back veg always came with some soil still attached, that was the norm. But then we bought them loose, by the pound or one at a time. Now everything has to be so very clean in comes plastic bags but at a price.

It really is about time we weaned ourselves off this ‘perfect produce’ addiction and went back to more sensible ways of producing fruit and veg.

“the rotten truth about fruit” Ch 5 news.

There was a good piece on Channel five news tonight about pesticide residues and the  decrease in minerals in fruit. It’s good to see these issues being raised on peak time national news. I am waiting for the government to wheel out some tame scientist to tell us it’s all perfectly safe and there is nothing at all to worry about! See the Ch 5 blog piece here.

Buy local

Buying locally produced food is an excellent idea. I have said before that there are problems in the UK as the infrastructure has been dismantled over the years as production and consumption are dominated by a very few large supermarkets. It is still possible to get local food but it’s not easy.

The buy local campaign has also become a bit of a cause for many environmental groups. Again, I don’t have a problem with this but if it just means using a locally run shop to buy the same imports that would have been supplied by a national chain then nothing is gained. It should mean buying locally produced products from local outlets.

My point is that we need to be careful that buy local is not just another marketing ploy. Groups need to be very explicit as to what ‘local’ means. I would ‘local’ products should have been produced within 50 miles of where they are sold. If that could be achieved on a large scale then it would be a very positive outcome in terms of energy use, CO2 production.

Potaoes again

I have often heard it said that potatoes ‘clean the ground’. I have never been sure exactly what that means or how it happens. A few years back I was talking to a well known organic gardener who commented that the gardener did all the work by digging a trench, planting the tubers, earthing them up as they grew and then digging them out. The ground gets dug over twice in one season! Personally, I always use trowel to dig out a small hole and then drop a tuber in it.

The other thing that bothers me about the often heard advice on allotments re planting a crop of potatoes on new, rough ground is that they do MUCH better on good soil. They are heavy feeders and need a lot of water so don’t do that well on rough, dry, infertile land. So, if you want to really get things going treat your spuds with care, plant in good fertile soil, give them a chance to perform and they will reward you well.

If you want to break up soil, and mine nutrients from deep down, then grow a green manure such as grazing rye.

Prince Charles and GM

There has been a lot of reaction to the comments made by Prince Charles about the mad dash for GM crops. What he said was absolutely right; GM food has no place whatsoever in the modern diet, is not the answer to the food crisis and is the biggest environmental disaster of all time.

Contrary to what the well healed biotech companies say there is a lot of evidence to show there are many problems with growing GM crops. Recently they have played a very cynical PR game by suggesting GM will ‘feed the world’. Even a very superficial look at the evidence shows that is absolute rot.

If you want to see a list of research references, including some by the biotech companies that disprove what they are now saying, then click here

Potato harvest

The potatoes were lifted yesterday. They were planted on April 24th so had just about 16 weeks in the ground. There were signs of blight on the tops so it was decided to lift them now rather than leave them for another 3-4 weeks.

The yield was every good. One complete 4ft x 15ft (1.2m x 4.58m) bed yielded 90lbs (41kg) of good looking spuds. We had already started taking a few roots from the other bed but I estimate the total yield is around 170lbs (77kg) which is a little under the usual weight.

It is always good to watch the potatoes coming out of the ground. Four months ago a single small seed tuber was planted and it multiplied into a mass of good sized potatoes. It still seems like one of nature’s miracles.

A few years back I decided that the only variety worth growing on our site was Sarpo Mira as it has the best blight resistance. It has certainly proved its worth over the years and gives a reliable heavy crop.

I have often been asked why bother to grow veg as it is so cheap ( or was!)  in the supermarkets. Doing a simple ‘cost benefit analysis’ is interesting to say the least. We paid £12.50 fro 40 seed potatoes (20 per bed) which yielded a harvest of 170lbs (77kg.)  The current price for organic new potatoes at Waitrose is £1.33/kg. So, we have ~£100 worth of potatoes from an expenditure of £12.50 which is around a 8 times increase on the investment. That seems worth it!

The amount of work involved in growing them was minimal. They we planted individually in a hole dug with a trowel. The soil was earthed up once around the growing plants. Some effort was involved in the harvest but again it was not exactly excessive. There were no other inputs apart from a wheel barrow of muck on each bed last autumn which was free. That’s it. I wish I could get that sort of return on savings; especially in four months!